Sources & attribution
Optikos organises its data into 8 intelligence layers. Each layer is built on a specific upstream public dataset, and each dataset carries its own license + attribution requirements. This page lists every source we redistribute, the license under which we redistribute it, and the credit each licensor requires.
If you redistribute observations or events sourced via Optikos, you must comply with the upstream licensor's attribution terms. The license identifier next to each entry is the canonical shorthand; click through to the homepage for the full text.
JRC CEMS-EFAS River Flood Hazard
Built on European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) — Copernicus Emergency Management Service
European river-flood hazard depth from the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS-EFAS), pan-European at NUTS-3, nine return periods (RP10–RP500). © European Union — Joint Research Centre.
- License
- CC-BY-4.0
- Attribution
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Reuse permitted with attribution to the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) / Copernicus Emergency Management Service.
- Citation requirement
- Source: JRC / Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS-EFAS). (c) European Union.
- Homepage
- https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Optikos Border Intelligence Layer
Built on Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency)
Built on Frontex — monthly detections of illegal border-crossings (FRAN) by route, nationality, and month. Coverage from January 2009.
- License
- EU-PSI-2019-1024
- Attribution
- Source: Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency). Data published under EU PSI Directive.
- Citation requirement
- EU PSI Directive (Directive 2019/1024): public-sector information freely reusable with source attribution.
- Homepage
- https://www.frontex.europa.eu
Optikos Event Intelligence Layer
Built on The GDELT Project
Built on The GDELT Project — global event monitoring derived from world news. CAMEO-coded events at sub-national resolution.
- License
- CC0-1.0
- Attribution
- Data: The GDELT Project, gdeltproject.org. CC0 1.0 Universal.
- Citation requirement
- CC0: no attribution legally required, but credit appreciated. We attribute as a matter of principle.
- Homepage
- https://gdeltproject.org
Optikos Governance & Institutional Quality Layer
Built on Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg
Built on the Quality of Government Standard dataset — governance variables (WBGI, V-Dem, WJP, TI CPI, Freedom House) across the country-year panel.
- License
- Non-commercial
- Attribution
- Source: Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg, qogdata.pol.gu.se. NON-COMMERCIAL; redistribution prohibited (NOT CC-BY 4.0).
- Citation requirement
- NON-COMMERCIAL use only; redistribution prohibited. Cite Teorell et al. (QoG codebook). Constituent sources carry restrictive terms (e.g. TI CPI CC-BY-ND, Freedom House copyrighted). This layer is therefore not served on the commercial product.
- Homepage
- https://qogdata.pol.gu.se
Optikos Humanitarian Layer
Built on ReliefWeb (UN OCHA)
Built on ReliefWeb — humanitarian situation reports and emergency-response information from the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
- License
- ReliefWeb-Terms
- Attribution
- Source: ReliefWeb (UN OCHA), reliefweb.int.
- Citation requirement
- Attribution to UN OCHA appreciated and provided as a matter of policy. (License provenance pending primary-source legal confirmation.)
- Homepage
- https://reliefweb.int
Optikos Infrastructure Layer
Built on OpenStreetMap contributors
Built on OpenStreetMap — collaborative geographic database. Hospitals, schools, universities, airports, rail stations, power plants, administrative buildings.
- License
- ODbL-1.0
- Attribution
- (c) OpenStreetMap contributors. Data licensed under the Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0.
- Citation requirement
- ODbL: attribution required. Derivative works must use a compatible open license. We display 'View on OpenStreetMap' links beside every POI in the product.
- Homepage
- https://www.openstreetmap.org
Optikos Sanctions & Compliance Layer
Built on OpenSanctions
Built on OpenSanctions — the EU Financial Sanctions File (eu_fsf scope). Persons, organisations, vehicles, vessels and addresses under EU restrictive measures.
- License
- CC-BY-NC 4.0
- Attribution
- Source: OpenSanctions, opensanctions.org. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC-BY-NC 4.0). NOT CC-BY 4.0.
- Citation requirement
- CC-BY-NC 4.0: attribution required and NON-COMMERCIAL. Commercial reuse requires a paid OpenSanctions licence (not currently held); this layer is therefore not served on the commercial product.
- Homepage
- https://www.opensanctions.org
Optikos Statistical Foundation Layer
Built on Eurostat
Built on Eurostat — the statistical office of the European Union. Demographic, economic, labour, and regional indicators across NUTS 0-3 territories.
- License
- EuropeanUnion-PublicData
- Attribution
- Source: Eurostat. Data downloaded from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat. (c) European Union, 1995-2026.
- Citation requirement
- Reuse permitted with prominent attribution. Modified data must be flagged as such.
- Homepage
- https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat